Researchers have for the first time measured the first ionization energy of lawrencium, the last of the actinides, validating predictions of the element’s electronic structure (Nature 2015, DOI: ...

The periodic table isn’t just a list of elements—it’s a map of predictable patterns called periodic trends. These trends, like atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy, help scientists ...

Six critical steps are involved in the manufacturing of semiconductors. These steps include deposition, photoresist, lithography, etch, ionization and packaging. This article discusses several ...