The conventional way of generating optical waveforms relies on in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulation of a continuous-wave (CW) laser tone. In this case, the bandwidth of the resulting optical ...

The lithium niobate thin-film modulator was designed to achieve a modulation frequency of 350 kHz within the 0–2π phase range, further realizing high speed control of optical field coherence.

Modulation and amplification are two fundamental processes in optoelectronics. While discrete implementations have achieved widespread success, the challenge of monolithically integrating sufficient ...

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical modulators are crucial in next-generation technologies such as free-space optical communication and LiDAR, but existing designs struggle with balancing ...

Figure | Working principle of the programmable optical processor. (a) Conceptual schematic of the photonic platform. Three liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs), cell-wise driven by a ...