Illustration showing the process of a release factor (RF) detecting a stop codon and releasing the newly made peptide chain (right) through a hydrolysis reaction. It’s known as biology’s central dogma ...

Our cells produce a variety of proteins, each with a specific role that, in many cases, means that they need to be in a particular part of the cell where that role is needed. One of the ways that ...

How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

Making proteins for research or therapies often starts with cell-line development. In many applications, genetic engineering is used to optimize a cell line for producing high levels of the intended ...

It's known as biology's central dogma: All living organisms' genetic information is stored in DNA, which is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins that perform nearly all essential ...

As far as research subjects go, it's not always easy to find common ground with a single-celled bacterium. Yet the more Paul Wiggins studies his model bacteria, Acinetobacter baylyi, the more he sees ...