Vortex is ubiquitous in nature including spiral arms of galaxy, planet rotation, hurricane (tornado). A vortex is a typical and well-known magnetic domain structure in dimensionally confined ...

Optical vortex plays an important role in a variety of fields, such as particle tweezing, quantum communication, astrophysics, and microscopy. Especially, the application of optical vortex has been ...

Much of modern life depends on the coding of information into means of delivering it. A common method is to encode data in laser light and send it through optic cables. The increasing demand for more ...